As before的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列各種有用的問答集和懶人包

The Equation of Knowledge: From Bayes’’ Rule to a Unified Philosophy of Science

為了解決As before的問題，作者Hoang, Lê Nguyên 這樣論述：

Lê Nguyên graduated from the École Polytechnique de Montréal with a PhD in applied mathematics, before working as a post-doctoral researcher at MIT. Since 2016, he has been working as a science communicator at EPFL. He also has his own YouTube channel Science4All (in French), with over 170k subscrib

ers.　

As before進入發燒排行的影片

An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決As before的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.

End Game: Does Israel Have a Plan?

為了解決As before的問題，作者Sachs, Natan 這樣論述：

How Israelis envision and plan for the future of their countryDoes Israel have a plan? What does the country want to look like in 10 or 20 years? What borders does it hope to have? Will the West Bank or the Gaza Strip be part of it? Will the Palestinians residing the territories be granted citizensh

ip and become Israeli citizens? Does the country as a whole even know what it wants, what its goals are, or how to achieve them?Israel faces a fundamental question, a "trilemma." It can choose only two of three different goals many Israelis hold dear: to maintain control over the West Bank, with its

strategic and religious significance to Israel; to retain a clear Jewish majority, the goal of the Zionist movement that founded the state; or to remain a democracy, with full voting rights for all citizens.This trilemma has caused world leaders and publics, Israel-supporters and critics, to wonder

aloud time and again: what does Israel want? If it wishes to maintain its Jewish and democratic character, surely it must separate from the West Bank and its population; why then does Israel keep building in Israeli settlements in the West Bank, making such separation all the more difficult? And if

it plans to retain control over the West Bank, is it really willing to give up on either its Jewish nature or its democracy?End Game attempts to solve the puzzle of why the Israeli strategic vision seems so elusive to many foreigners and Israelis alike. It explores how Israelis' beliefs about their

future are formed and how their visions are translated into policy, focusing on three factors in depth: the role of security concerns, ideology, and domestic political constraints that combine to shape Israel's strategic posture.The book contrasts the full range of views in Israel over the future o

f the West Bank, from supporters of a bi-national state or confederacy on the left, to supporters of a "one state" on the far right of the political spectrum. It pays particular attention to the worldview of the political center-right, led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, a conservative, risk-a

verse and "anti-solutionist" approach to the problem. This worldview, following decades of precedent, rejects the need for a full-fledged strategic "solution" to the problem, leading to widespread confusion over Israel's goals. The book analyses and critiques this approach, arguing forcefully for en

ding Israeli indecision over the future of the land and in favor of partition and, eventually, peace. Dr. Natan Sachs is a fellow in the Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution. His research focuses on Israel’s foreign policy, its domestic politics, and on U.S.-Israeli relations

. Before joining Brookings, Sachs was a Hewlett Fellow at Stanford’s Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law, a Fulbright Fellow in Indonesia, and a Visiting Fellow at Tel Aviv University’s Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies.

數位學習對國小學童學習成效影響──以籃球運球上籃為例

為了解決As before的問題，作者張芊芊 這樣論述：

　　本研究旨在探討教師運用數位學習平台及影音媒體於健康與體育領域課程，對國小五年級學童之學習成效、籃球運球上籃動作表現之影響。本研究採用準實驗研究法，以高雄市某國小五年級一個班級28人作為研究對象，分成實驗組「數位學習組」14人，身高143.11±7.58公分、體重36.71±10.43公斤；控制組「實體授課組」14人，身高141.36±7.96公分、體重39.00±13.27公斤，進行8週共16節實驗教學。本研究以籃球運球上籃動作檢核表作為研究工具，以獨立樣本單因子共變數分析及相依樣本t檢定檢視兩組學生之前、後測分數有無顯著差異。本研究結果如下：實驗組學生在前測總得分為65.00±34.5

8分，後測為72.85±30.49分，p值為.010；控制組學生在前測總得分為46.42±25.60分，後測為59.28±26.73分，p值為.004，兩組前、後測共變數分析F值=1.08、p值=.309，未達顯著水準。綜上所述，可得以下結論：數位學習的介入，對實驗組在籃球運球上籃動作的表現有顯著正向影響，提升了學習成效，但與控制組無顯著差異。